碳钢
carbon steel
碳钢也叫碳素钢，是含碳量（wc）小于2%的铁碳合金。碳钢除含碳外一般还含有少量的硅、锰、硫、磷。
Carbon steel, also called carbon steel, is an iron carbon alloy with carbon content (WC) less than 2%. Carbon steel usually contains a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus besides carbon.
按用处能够把碳钢分为碳素结构钢、碳素工具钢和易切削结构钢三类。碳素结构钢又可分为修建结构钢和机器制作结构钢两种。
Carbon steel can be divided into three types: carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free cutting structural steel. Carbon structural steel can be further divided into two types: structural steel and machine structural steel.
按含碳量能够把碳钢分为低碳钢(wc≤0.25%)，中碳钢(wc 0.25%~0.6%)和高碳钢(wc >0.6%)。按磷、硫含量能够把碳素钢分为一般碳素钢(含磷、硫较高)、优质碳素钢(含磷、硫较低)和高档优质钢(含磷、硫更低)。
According to the carbon content of the steel can be divided into low carbon steel (WC = 0.25%), medium carbon steel and high carbon steel (WC 0.25%~0.6%) (WC >0.6%). Carbon steel can be divided into common carbon steel (phosphorus and sulfur), high quality carbon steel (low phosphorus and sulfur) and high grade high quality steel (containing phosphorus and sulfur) according to the content of phosphorus and sulfur.
一般碳钢中含碳量越高则硬度越高，强度也越高，但塑性下降。
In general carbon steel, the higher the carbon content, the higher the hardness, the higher the strength, but the plasticity decreases.
碳素结构钢
Carbon structural steel
这类钢首要确保力学功能，故其商标表现其力学功能，用Q+数字表明，其中“Q”为屈服点“屈”字的汉语拼音字首，数字表明屈服点数值，例如Q275表明屈服点为275MPa。若商标后边标示字母A、B、C、D，则表明钢材质量等级不同，含S、P的量顺次下降，钢材质量顺次进步。若在商标后边标示字母“F”则为沸腾钢，标示“b”为半镇静钢，不标示“F"或“b”者为镇静钢。例如Q235-A·F表明屈服点为235MPa的A级沸腾钢，Q235-c表明屈服点为235MPa的c级镇静钢。
碳素结构钢一般情况下都不经热处理，而在供应状态下直接使用。一般Q195、Q215、Q235钢碳的质量分数低，焊接功能好，塑性、耐性好，有一定强度，常轧制成薄板、钢筋、焊接钢管等，用于桥梁、修建等结构和制作一般铆钉、螺钉、螺母 |
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